Retirement Plan Options for S-Corp Owners

1. Solo 401(k)

• Contribution Limits: For 2024, an S-Corp owner can contribute up to $23,000 as an employee, with an additional $7,500 in catch-up contributions if age 50 or older. The S-Corp can also make profit-sharing contributions up to 25% of compensation, with total contributions not exceeding $66,000 ($73,500 if age 50 or older).

• Tax Benefits: Employee contributions are made on a pre-tax basis, reducing taxable income. Profit-sharing contributions are tax-deductible for the S-Corp, reducing corporate taxable income. Earnings grow tax-deferred.

• Flexibility: A Solo 401(k) is highly flexible, allowing for both traditional pre-tax contributions and Roth after-tax contributions, depending on the plan's provisions.

2. SEP IRA (Simplified Employee Pension)

• Contribution Limits: For 2024, the maximum contribution is the lesser of 25% of compensation or $66,000.

• Tax Benefits: Contributions are tax-deductible for the S-Corp, reducing corporate taxable income. Earnings grow tax-deferred.

• Simplicity: SEP IRAs have lower administrative costs and fewer regulatory requirements compared to other plans, making them easier to manage.

3. SIMPLE IRA (Savings Incentive Match Plan for Employees)

• Contribution Limits: For 2024, employees can contribute up to $15,500, with an additional $3,500 in catch-up contributions if age 50 or older. The S-Corp must match employee contributions up to 3% of compensation or provide a fixed contribution of 2% of compensation for all eligible employees.

• Tax Benefits: Employee contributions are made on a pre-tax basis, reducing taxable income. Employer contributions are tax-deductible for the S-Corp. Earnings grow tax-deferred.

• Ease of Administration: SIMPLE IRAs are straightforward to set up and administer, with lower costs compared to more complex plans.

4. Defined Benefit Plan

• Contribution Limits: Defined benefit plans offer significant contribution limits based on actuarial calculations, which can be substantially higher than those of defined contribution plans, especially for older owners.

• Tax Benefits: Contributions are tax-deductible for the S-Corp, reducing taxable income. Earnings grow tax-deferred.

• Large Contributions: These plans are suitable for S-Corp owners who wish to make large annual contributions to maximize retirement savings and reduce current taxable income.

Strategies for Optimal Setup and Tax Efficiency

1. Choose the Right Plan for Your Needs:

• Evaluate Contribution Limits: Consider how much you want to contribute annually and choose a plan that aligns with your goals. For high contribution limits, a Defined Benefit Plan or Solo 401(k) may be suitable.

• Assess Administrative Burdens: Balance the benefits of higher contribution limits with the administrative complexity and costs of the plan.

2. Maximize Contributions:

• Employee Contributions: Contribute the maximum allowed to take full advantage of tax-deferred growth. For a Solo 401(k), this includes both employee and profit-sharing contributions.

• Catch-Up Contributions: If you are age 50 or older, utilize catch-up contributions to increase your retirement savings and tax deductions.

3. Leverage Employer Contributions:

• Profit-Sharing: If using a Solo 401(k) or SEP IRA, make profit-sharing contributions to reduce the S-Corp’s taxable income.

• Matching Contributions: For SIMPLE IRAs, ensure you meet the matching requirements to benefit from the tax deductions and retain the plan’s tax advantages.

4. Plan for Future Adjustments:

• Review Annually: Regularly review your retirement plan and contributions in light of changes in income, tax laws, and retirement goals. Adjust contributions as necessary to optimize tax benefits.

• Consider Plan Modifications: As your business grows or financial situation changes, consider transitioning to a different retirement plan that better meets your needs.

5. Consult with Professionals:

• Tax Advisor: Work with a tax advisor to understand how different retirement plans affect your personal and business taxes. They can help you make informed decisions about contributions and deductions.

• Financial Planner: Engage a financial planner to ensure your retirement plan aligns with your long-term financial goals and retirement strategy.